Agriculture

About Agriculture

Despite the fact that the economic sources of India have expanded to different sectors, Agriculture remains the biggest contributor to the total GDP as well as the overall employment rate in the country.

With that being said; the lack of modern practices, an erratic climate, substandard infrastructure and circumscribed marketing options have hampered the agricultural sector adversely, resulting in the increase of farmer suicides and the decrease of overall output over the years.

This is where agriculture professionals step in. Agriculture studies not just deals with the cultivation of land and the produce, but also livestock farming and the maintenance of the resources that go into the entire process. The research that goes into bettering the existing situation also forms a major part of an agriculturist's syllabi.

Reputed Zimbabwean ecologist Allan Savory hit the nail on the head with his view on agriculture when he said, "Agriculture is not crop production as popular belief holds - it's the production of food and fiber from the world's land and waters. Without agriculture it is not possible to have a city, stock market, banks, university, church or army. Agriculture is the foundation of civilization and any stable economy."

Agriculture is as important to the economy as oxygen is to human beings, which makes it all the more important to have skilled professionals advise farmers regarding effective soil handling, irrigation, harvesting, livestock, crop management and marketing of the produce.

At a time when the government is coming up with schemes and measures to boost the agricultural sector, agriculturists are needed more than ever, making it a very good career to pursue.

So if you're convinced that this is what you want to explore as a profession, these are the courses that you should consider taking up:

  • Diploma in Agriculture (2 years)
  • Diploma in Seed Technology (1 year)
  • Diploma in Agricultural Engineering (3 years)
  • Diploma in Animal Husbandry (1 year)
  • Diploma in Agro Journalism (1 year)
  • Diploma in Value Added Products From Fruits and Vegetables (1 year)
  • Diploma in Poultry Management (3 years)
  • Diploma in Poultry Husbandry (1 year)
  • Diploma in Dairy Technology (1 year)
  • Diploma in Commercial Horticulture (2 years)
  • Diploma in Food Processing/Production (20 months)
  • Diploma in Watershed Management (1 year)
  • Diploma in Vegetable Production (1 year)
  • Diploma in Fruit Production (1 year)
  • Diploma in Fish Products Technology (1 year)
  • Diploma in Vegetable Production (1 year)
  • Diploma in Floriculture (1 year)
  • Diploma in Meat Technology (1 year)
  • Diploma in Plumbing and Irrigation Systems (1 year)
  • Diploma in Floriculture and Landscape Gardening (1 year)

Eligibility and Cutoff

  • Most diploma courses would require the completion of your 10th grade or any equivalent examination with a minimum aggregate score of 50%. The cut-off is relaxed in a handful of institutes while others accept admissions on the basis of merit and sometimes an entrance exam.
  • The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) (autonomous body that regulates the agricultural research and education in India) conducts the All India Entrance Exam for Admission (AIEEA) for agricultural programmers across the country.
  • In addition to ICAR's AIEEA, every state has their own entrance exams that are accepted in their respective territory, however, most institutes don't stress on the same and take in candidates on the basis of merit too.
Cut off Marks for diploma

Average Fees

20,000 - 70,000 a year. The fee may differ from course to course and also depending on the institute.

Average Fees for diploma
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Agriculture (4 years)
  • Bachelor of Science in Agriculture(B.Sc.Agri.) in Generics and Plant Breeding (3 years)
  • Bachelor of Science Honours (B.Sc.) (Hons.) in Agriculture (4 years)
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Agronomy (4 years)
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Entomology (4 years)
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Soil Science (4 years)
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Agriculture and Food Business (4 years)
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Agricultural Biotechnology (3 years)
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Agriculture Economics (3 years)
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc. in Agricultural Statistics (4 years)
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Agricultural Economics and Farm Management (4 years)
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Crop Physiology (4 years)
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Soil Science and Water Management (3 years)
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Sericulture (3 years)
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Nematology (3 years)
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Biochemistry and Agricultural Chemistry (4 years)
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Agroforestry (3 years)
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Post Harvest Technology (3 years)
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Vegetable Science (3 years)
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Rural Technology (3 years)
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Horticulture Science (3 years)
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) (Hons.) in Horticulture (4 years)
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Plant Science and Plant Biotechnology (3 years)
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Plant Pathology (3 years)
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Plant Science (3 years)
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Tea Husbandry and Technology (4 years)
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Agriculture Business Management (3 years)
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Animal Husbandry and Dairying (4 years)
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Dairy Technology (3 years)
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Fisheries (4 years)
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) (Hons.) in Forestry (4 years)
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Extension Education (3 years)
  • Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Agro-Chemical and Pest Control (3 years)
  • Bachelor of Business Administration (B.B.A.) in Agriculture (4 years)
  • Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.) in Agricultural Engineering (4 years)
  • Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) (Hons.) in Agricultural Engineering (4 years)
  • Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.) in Water Resources Engineering (4 years)
  • Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.) in Agricultural and Irrigation Engineering (4 years)
  • Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.) in Food Science (4 years)
  • Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.) in Agricultural Information Technology (4 years)
  • Bachelor of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry (B.V.Sc. and A.H.) (5 years)
  • Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.) in Dairy Technology (4 years)
  • Bachelor of Veterinary Sciences B.V.Sc.) in Poultry Science (3 years)
  • Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.) in Food Technology (4 years)
  • Bachelor in Rural Studies (BRS) (3 years)

Eligibility and cut-off marks

  • Candidate must have cleared Class 12 or any equivalent examination from the Science stream with a minimum aggregate score of 50% and core subjects Physics, Chemistry, Biology/Mathematics. Some colleges accept students on the basis of merit while others would need you to go through an entrance exam.
  • AIEEA is commonly accepted for 15% of the seats in all agricultural institutes across the country while 100% of the seats in ICAR deemed seats are available to those who clear AIEEA.
  • State-wise entrance exams are also another route to gaining admissions.
  • For B.Tech., courses, candidates would need to clear JEE or any engineering entrance exam to get into any of the engineering institutes. Agricultural institutes offering B.Tech. courses accept AIEEA scores.
  • Note that an interview will round up the admission process in popular institutes.
Cut off Marks for Graduation

Average Fees

37,000 - 1.2 lakhs per annum. The fee may differ from course to course and also depending on the institute.

Average Fees for Graduation
Post Graduation
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Agriculture (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Agricultural Biotechnology (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Agricultural Statistics (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Agricultural Economics (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Agricultural Microbiology (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Agronomy (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Genetics and Plant Breeding (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Nematology (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Seed Science and Technology (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Soil Science (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Soil and Water Engineering (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Spice and Plantation Crops (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Sericulture (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Plant Biotechnology (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Entomology (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Agricultural Biochemistry (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Agricultural Entomology (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Agricultural Economics and Business Management (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Agricultural Chemicals (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Agricultural Meteorology and Physics (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Crop Physiology (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Fruits and Orchard Management (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Soil Conservation and Water Management (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Vegetable Science (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Silviculture (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Olericulture (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Extension Education and Rural Sociology (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Agricultural Physics (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Agricultural Botany (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Agricultural Extension Education (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Climate Science and Policy (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Animal Husbandry and Drying (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Dairy Science (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Horticulture-Vegetable Science (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Plant Pathology (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Water Resources Management (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Plant Biotechnology (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Physiology (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Horticulture- Fruit Production and Post Harvest Technology (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Forestry (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Dairy Technology (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Dairy Engineering (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Bioscience (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Tea Husbandry and Technology (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Plant Protection (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Poultry Production (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Rural Technology (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Industrial Fisheries (2 years)
  • Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Floriculture and Landscaping (2 years)
  • Master of Technology (M.Tech.) in Farm Machinery and Power Engineering (2 years)
  • Master of Technology (M.Tech.) in Renewable Energy (2 years)
  • Master of Technology (M.Tech.) in Irrigation and Drainage Engineering (2 years)
  • Master of Technology (M.Tech.) in Agricultural Engineering (2 years)
  • Master of Technology (M.Tech.) in Agricultural Process and Food Engineering (2 years)
  • Master of Technology (M.Tech.) in Dairy Technology (2 years)
  • Master of Technology (M.Tech.) in Agricultural Water Management (2 years)
  • Master of Technology (M.Tech.) in Agricultural Systems and Management (2 years)
  • Master of Technology (M.Tech.) in Soil and Water Engineering (2 years)
  • Master of Technology (M.Tech.) in Dairy Microbiology (2 years)
  • Master of Technology (M.Tech.) in Dairy Chemistry (2 years)
  • Master of Technology (M.Tech.) in Post Harvest Processing and Food Engineering (2 years)
  • Master of Technology (M.Tech.) in Soil and Water Conservation Engineering (2 years)
  • Master of Technology (M.Tech.) in Plant Design (2 years)
  • Master of Technology (M.Tech.) in Process and Food Engineering (2 years)
  • Master of Technology (M.Tech.) in Aqua Cultural Engineering (2 years)
  • Master of Technology (M.Tech.) in Dairy Chemistry (2 years)
  • Master of Technology (M.Tech.) in Post Harvest Engineering and Technology (2 years)
  • Master of Business Administration (M.B.A.) in Agriculture (2 years)
  • Master of Business Administration (M.B.A.) in Agri-Business (2 years)
  • Master of Business Administration (M.B.A.) in Agri-Business Food Process Management (2 years)
  • Master of Business Administration (M.B.A.) in Agri-Business Technology Management (2 years)
  • Master of Business Management (M.B.M.) in Agricultural Business Management (2 years)
  • Master of Veterinary Sciences (M.V.Sc.) (2 years)
  • Master of Veterinary Sciences (M.V.Sc.) in Poultry Science (2 years)
  • Master of Veterinary Sciences (M.V.Sc.) in Plant Phonology and Soil Science (2 years)
  • Masters in Rural Studies (MRS) (2 years)
  • Post Graduation Diploma in Plantation Management (1 years)
  • Post Graduation Diploma in GIS and Remote Sensing (2 years)
  • Post Graduation Diploma in Post Harvest Technology (1 year)
  • Post Graduation Diploma in Watershed Management (2 years)
  • Post Graduation Diploma in Management (PGDM) in Agri Business and Plantation Management (2 years)
  • Post Graduation in Agri-Business Management (2 years)
  • Post Graduation Diploma in Agri-Input Management (1 year)
  • Post Graduation Diploma in Agricultural Water Management (2 years)
  • Post Graduation Diploma in Food Safety and Quality Management (1 year)
  • Post Graduation Diploma in Plantation Management (1 year)

Eligibility and Cutoff

  • A candidate should have cleared his or her graduation in any of the agriculture-related streams with a minimum aggregate score of 50%.
  • Few of the reputed institutes would need you to go through an entrance exam with the most notable one being AIEEA.
  • For M.Tech courses, a candidate would need to clear the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) in order to get a better chance of getting admission into any one of the top institutes.
  • For M.B.A., Common Admission Test (CAT) scores are needed to get admission in any of the B-Schools offering agricultural management related courses.
  • Note that an interview will round up the admission process in popular institutes.
Cut off Marks for Post-Graduation

Average Fees

50,000 - 2 lakh per year. The fee may differ from course to course and also depending on the institute.

Average Fees for Post-Graduation
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Agricultural Economics (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Agricultural Entomology (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Agronomy (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Extensive Education (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Seed Science and Technology (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Vegetable Science (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Genetics and Plant Breeding (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Plant Pathology (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Veterinary Science (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Plant Physiology (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Forestry (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Farm Machinery and Power (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Agricultural Engineering (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Poultry Science (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Agriculture Biotechnology (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Agricultural Biochemistry (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Crop Physiology (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Plant Biotechnology (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Sericulture (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Spice and Plantation Crops (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Plant Breeding (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Agricultural Statistics (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Agricultural Chemicals (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Agri-Business Management (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Agricultural Meteorology and Physics (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Agroforestry (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Animal Husbandry and Drying (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Dairy Chemistry (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Fruits and Orchard Management (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Dairy Engineering (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Mariculture (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Soil Conservation and Water Management (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Silviculture (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Horticulture-Vegetable Science (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Dairy Microbiology (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Rural Technology (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Plant Biotechnology (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Soil Science and Water Management (3 years)
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Tree Improvements (3 years)

Eligibility and Cutoff

  • A candidate must have completed a master's degree in any of the agriculture - centric streams with a minimum of 6.5 CGPA for a few courses. Others would need you to have cleared a master's degree with a minimum score of 55% along with an entrance exam.
  • There will also be an interview round after the necessary exams are cleared before admission is given into top institutes.
Cut off Marks for Phd

Average Fees

25,000-2 lakhs for the entire 3-year course. The fee may differ from course to course and also depending on the institute.

Average Fees for phd
  • Certificate in Food Production (1 year)
  • Certificate in Bio-Fertilizer Production (6 months)
  • Certificate in Organic Farming (COF) (6 months)
  • Certificate in Seed Technology (1 year)
  • Certificate in Agricultural Science (1 year)
  • Certificate in Farm Management (6 months)
  • Certificate in Water Harvesting and Management (6 months)
  • Certificate in Sericulture (6 months)
  • Certificate in Protected Cultivation (6 months)
  • Certificate in Mushroom Production (6 months)
  • Certificate in Commercial Flower Production (6 months)
  • Certificate in Food and Beverage Service (1 year)
  • Certificate in GIS and Remote Sensing Applications (6 months to 2 years)
  • Certificate in Medicinal And Aromatic Plants (6 months)
  • Certificate in Vegetable Production (6 months)
  • Certificate in Fruit Production (6 months)
  • Certificate in Bee Keeping (6 months)
  • Certificate in Poultry Farming (6 months)
  • Certificate in Fruit and Vegetable Processing Technology (1-6 months)
  • Certificate in Home Scale Preservation of Fruits and Vegetables (6 months)
  • Certificate in Raising of House Plant (2 months)
  • Certificate in Agricultural Insurance (6 months)
  • Certificate in Mushroom Spawn Production and Cultivation (1 year)

Eligibility and Cutoff

  • The criterion differs from course to course as some would just need a Class 10 passing certificate, while others would need a Class 12 clearance. The GIS and Remote Sensing Applications certification is only open for graduates while a certification in Bee Keeping can even be attained by a candidate who has passed Class 8.

Average Fees

2,000 - 1lakh depending on the course. The fee may differ from course to course and also depending on the institute.

Demand in the last few years

What do you want become in life? Ask this question to any young bloke today and the answers you'd get would be as conventional as they come. Everybody wants to either become a doctor, engineer, artist, writer or manager but very few want to delve into agriculture. Have you come across anyone who dreamed of becoming a farmer or an agriculturist? Very few, right?

It's a shame that agriculture is, these days, associated with struggle, lack of opportunities, and sadly, an economic downfall that's resulting in widespread farmer protests. It's a misconception that has plagued a sector that has been the biggest GDP contributor since the inception of our country, albeit being cloaked by the media's dark presentation. An 18% contribution to the total GDP along with 50% of the Indian workforce being agro-based should give you a clear picture of the importance of the industry.

However, there are issues in production, marketing, and technology currently being used that need to be addressed, and the only way it can happen is by having a young and motivated workforce step in to bring about a change.

In all honesty, you can have a great career in the agricultural sector irrespective of what you've heard. The demand for agriculture studies has grown in recent years with the increase in the number of job opportunities.

An advancement of technology, the need to guide the farmers on efficient agricultural practices, the government's policy changes and various R and D programmes have skyrocketed the need for trained agriculture professionals.

There are 3 central, 4 deemed and 60 state agricultural universities across India apart from the countless private institutes that offer a wide range of courses that cover all aspects of agriculture and livestock farming. Additionally, almost all the seats get filled in each academic year, further proving the positive shift in the mindset of the upcoming manpower towards agriculture.

This is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the so-called shift.

The Indian Economic Survey of 2018 has brought to light the feminization of agriculture wherein more women have entered the agro spectrum by becoming an active part of the cultivation and entrepreneurship. The survey has also noted the fact that the ICAR has invested almost Rs. 6800 crores in the giving impetus to R and D in agriculture.

The demand is all there to be seen if given the right attention and all that's required is active participation. Now I'm sure you're wondering about the scope, jobs and pay scale in a diverse field such as agriculture. Read on...

Future Scope

There are several jobs to choose from the different disciplines of agriculture and it's supporting fields such as soil sciences, agricultural engineering, agronomy, agricultural economics, entomology, plant genetics and pathology, agricultural meteorology, agricultural extension, horticulture, poultry, dairy farming and animal husbandry.

There is no shortage of employment opportunities in:

  • Agro-biotech and fertilizer firms
  • Government/private agricultural departments
  • Research and development organizations and agencies
  • Commercial farms
  • Insurance and micro-finance companies
  • Dairy farms, milk and ice cream processing units, state dairy boards
  • Poultry Farms
  • Food Chain companies
  • Agricultural extension services

These and many such similar domains are looking out for trained professionals to fill in profiles such as:

  • Soil scientists and engineers,
  • Agricultural officers, engineers and scientists
  • Farm managers
  • Operations and process managers
  • Agronomists, agronomy officer
  • Entomologists
  • Quality assurance officer
  • Research officer/engineer
  • Crop Consultant
  • Plant manager
  • Food Technologist
  • Teachers
  • Subject Matter Specialist
  • Agricultural loan officer
  • Poultry farm manager
  • Production technologist
  • Dairy engineers, technologists, researchers and scientists
  • Extension officers

The aforementioned fields and profiles are just some of the most popular ones you can chart out a career in, which are evenly backed up by solid remunerative packages.

The starting salary for most of the above mentioned jobs is around 3-5 lakhs per annum depending on the area of operation. Research officers and engineers get a better starting package of 6-8 lakhs per annum. Another incentive is that the government is one of the biggest recruiters in this sector as it has many departments to fill for research or operation purposes.

Job security is one of the advantages and with the increase in efforts from the government towards improving the general situation of agriculture in India, there are bound to be more funds pumped into the creation of more departments and jobs. Choosing agriculture as a career could be termed an offbeat decision but it may get similar rewards as any other profession out there.

Thus, try ditching the prevalent selections for once and give one of the oldest professions in the world a chance if you have even the slightest of desires.